{"id":359,"date":"2021-07-08T15:35:04","date_gmt":"2021-07-08T22:35:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/gwilliamslaw.com\/wa-employment-law-digest\/?p=359"},"modified":"2024-10-20T12:34:20","modified_gmt":"2024-10-20T19:34:20","slug":"malo-v-alaska-trawl-fisheries","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/gwilliamslaw.com\/wa-employment-law-digest\/malo-v-alaska-trawl-fisheries\/","title":{"rendered":"Malo v. Alaska Trawl Fisheries, Inc., 92 Wn.App. 927 (Div. 1 1998)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>This is a case summary of <em><a href=\"https:\/\/gwilliamslaw.com\/wa-employment-law-digest\/malo-v-alaska-trawl-fisheries\">Malo v. Alaska Trawl Fisheries, Inc.<\/a><\/em>, 92 Wn.App. 927 (Div. 1, 1998). Primary subjects include, but are not limited to the following:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><em><strong>\u00bb\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong>UNLAWFUL RETALIATION<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><em><strong>\u00bb<\/strong>\u00a0 CO-WORKER LIABILITY\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><em><strong>\u00bb<\/strong>\u00a0 PRINCIPLES OF STATUTORY CONSTRUCTION<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><em><strong>IMPORTANT:<\/strong> This article is for informational purposes only and<span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\"> is based upon my point of view. This is not a resource for the actual and complete appellate court opinion. Due to the rapidly changing nature of the law, we make no warranty or guarantee concerning the accuracy or reliability of the content in this article. No content on this site, regardless of date, should ever be used as a substitute for direct legal advice from your attorney. Please review our <\/span><a style=\"color: #800000;\" href=\"https:\/\/gwilliamslaw.com\/wa-employment-law-digest\/disclaimer\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Disclaimer|Terms of Use|Privacy Policy<\/a><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\"> before proceeding.<\/span><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><center><em><span style=\"color: #00ffff;\">Advertisement<\/span><\/em><\/center><br \/>\n<script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-6555531347302259\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script><br \/>\n<!-- Responsive 2017 --><br \/>\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\" style=\"display: block;\" data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6555531347302259\" data-ad-slot=\"3088293120\" data-ad-format=\"auto\" data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins><br \/>\n<script>\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\n<\/script><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<figure id=\"attachment_210\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-210\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-210 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/gwilliamslaw.com\/wa-employment-law-digest\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/cropped-WELD-2.png?resize=300%2C200&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Malo v. Alaska Trawl Fisheries, Inc., 92 Wn.App. 927 (Div. 1 1998)\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/gwilliamslaw.com\/wa-employment-law-digest\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/cropped-WELD-2.png?resize=300%2C200&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/gwilliamslaw.com\/wa-employment-law-digest\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/cropped-WELD-2.png?w=375&amp;ssl=1 375w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-210\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><center><b>Malo v. Alaska Trawl Fisheries, Inc., 92 Wn.App. 927 (Div. 1 1998)<\/b><\/center><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: left;\">CASE SUMMARY &#8211; 14 Facts:<\/h5>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><strong>[1]<\/strong>\u00a0 Alaska Trawl Fisheries, Inc. (ATF) owned the fishing vessel F\/T ENDURANCE, a factory trawler.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><strong>[2]<\/strong>\u00a0 ATF employed Anthony Malo and Bart Campbell to alternate as captains.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><strong>[3]<\/strong>\u00a0 Early in 1992, Malo twice confronted Campbell about complaints that Campbell was behaving improperly towards some of the female crew members.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><strong>[4]<\/strong>\u00a0 Campbell denied any improper behavior and became antagonistic towards Malo.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><strong>[5]<\/strong>\u00a0 Malo reported the complaints and his confrontation with Campbell to Bill Howell, who was ATF&#8217;s president at that time.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><strong>[6]\u00a0 <\/strong>On October 27, 1993, Craig Cross became the new president of ATF, replacing Howell.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><strong>[7]\u00a0 <\/strong>A few days later, Cross went to Dutch Harbor to see the F\/T ENDURANCE. While there, Cross met with Campbell, who was the captain on board, and other officers and crew members.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><strong>[8]\u00a0 <\/strong>According to Malo, Cross told him that he had chosen to retain Campbell as the sole captain because he preferred not to have a bifurcation of the crew and because Campbell was more acceptable to ATF&#8217;s owners.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><strong>[9]\u00a0 <\/strong>Malo then told Cross about the sexual harassment allegations other crew members had made against Campbell.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><strong>[10]\u00a0<\/strong> According to Malo, Cross appeared to have no prior knowledge of these allegations.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><strong>[11]\u00a0 <\/strong>He later sued Cross, ATF, Campbell and Campbell&#8217;s company, Campbell Fisheries, Inc. (CFI).<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><strong>[12]<\/strong>\u00a0 Malo brought a retaliatory discharge claim against Campbell, the co-captain, under Washington&#8217;s Law Against Discrimination, RCW <a href=\"https:\/\/app.leg.wa.gov\/RCW\/default.aspx?cite=49.60\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">49.60<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><strong>[13]<\/strong>\u00a0 The trial court dismissed it on the ground that Campbell was not Malo&#8217;s employer and therefore was not subject to liability under RCW <a href=\"https:\/\/app.leg.wa.gov\/RCW\/default.aspx?cite=49.60.210\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">49.60.210<\/a>(1).<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><strong>[14]<\/strong>\u00a0 Malo appeals contending that the statute unambiguously controls the conduct of any &#8220;person&#8221; even if that person is not an employer.<\/p>\n<p><em><a href=\"https:\/\/gwilliamslaw.com\/wa-employment-law-digest\/malo-v-alaska-trawl-fisheries\">Malo v. Alaska Trawl Fisheries, Inc.<\/a><\/em>, 92 Wn.App. 927 (Div. 1, 1998) (internal citations omitted) (hyperlink added).<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<hr \/>\n<\/blockquote>\n<h2><strong><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><span style=\"color: #000080;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">ISSUE #1:<\/span>\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Is a co-worker subject to suit under RCW 49.60.210(1)?<\/span><\/h2>\n<figure id=\"attachment_303\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-303\" style=\"width: 150px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-303 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/gwilliamslaw.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/RULE.png?resize=150%2C150&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Rule(s) of the issue\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-303\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><center><b>-RULE(S)-<\/b><\/center><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><strong>[1-1]\u00a0 WLAD ANTI-RETALIATION PROVISION: <\/strong>&#8220;RCW <a href=\"https:\/\/app.leg.wa.gov\/RCW\/default.aspx?cite=49.60.210\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">49.60.210<\/a>(1) provides:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">It is an unfair practice for any employer, employment agency, labor union, or other person to discharge, expel, or otherwise discriminate against any person because he or she has opposed any practices forbidden by this chapter, or because he or she has filed a charge, testified, or assisted in any proceeding under this chapter.<\/p>\n<p><em><a href=\"https:\/\/gwilliamslaw.com\/wa-employment-law-digest\/malo-v-alaska-trawl-fisheries\">Malo v. Alaska Trawl Fisheries, Inc.<\/a><\/em>, 92 Wn.App. 927, 930 (Div. 1, 1998) (<em>citing<\/em> RCW <a href=\"https:\/\/app.leg.wa.gov\/RCW\/default.aspx?cite=49.60.210\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">49.60.210<\/a>(1)) (emphasis and hyperlink added).<\/p>\n<p><strong>[1-2]\u00a0 PRINCIPLE OF STATUTORY CONSTRUCTION&#8211;GENERAL TERMS: <\/strong>&#8220;A general term used at the end of a sequence in a statute is restricted in its application by the preceding words.&#8221; <em>Id.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>[1-3]<\/strong>\u00a0 <strong>PRINCIPLE OF STATUTORY CONSTRUCTION&#8211;CONTEXT: <\/strong>&#8220;Provisions in a statute are to be read in the context of the statute as a whole.&#8221; <em>Id.<\/em> (<em>citing Pope v. University of Washington<\/em>, 121 Wash.2d 479, 489, 852 P.2d 1055 (1993)).<\/p>\n<p><strong>[1-4]<\/strong>\u00a0 <strong>PRINCIPLE OF STATUTORY CONSTRUCTION&#8211;THE EJUSDEM GENERIS RULE: <\/strong>&#8220;The ejusdem generis rule requires that general terms appearing in a statute in connection with specific terms are to be given meaning and effect only to the extent that the general terms suggest items similar to those designated by the specific terms.&#8221; <em>Id.<\/em><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_308\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-308\" style=\"width: 150px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-308 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/gwilliamslaw.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/ANALYSIS.png?resize=150%2C150&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Analysis of the issue\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-308\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><center><b>-ANALYSIS-<\/b><\/center><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><strong>[1-5]\u00a0 WLAD ANTI-RETALIATION PROVISION &amp; THE PRINCIPLES OF STATUTORY CONSTRUCTION:<\/strong> In this case, the Court applied the principles of statutory construction to RCW <a href=\"https:\/\/app.leg.wa.gov\/RCW\/default.aspx?cite=49.60.210\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">49.60.210<\/a>(1) and held &#8220;that the general term &#8216;or other person&#8217; is restricted by the words &#8217;employer,&#8217; &#8217;employment agency&#8217; and &#8216;labor union.'&#8221; <em>Id.<\/em> at 930 (<em>citing<\/em> RCW <a href=\"https:\/\/app.leg.wa.gov\/RCW\/default.aspx?cite=49.60.210\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">49.60.210<\/a>(1)) (emphasis and hyperlink added).<\/p>\n<p>The Court reasoned that &#8220;[t]he section, read as a whole, is directed at entities functionally similar to employers who discriminate by engaging in conduct similar to discharging or expelling a person who has opposed practices forbidden by RCW <a href=\"https:\/\/app.leg.wa.gov\/RCW\/default.aspx?cite=49.60\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">49.60<\/a>.&#8221; <em>Id.\u00a0<\/em>(hyperlink added).<\/p>\n<p>The Court then determined as follows:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">[1] Campbell did not employ, manage or supervise Malo.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">[2] [Campbell] &#8230; was not in a position to discharge Malo or to expel him from <em>membership in any organization<\/em>[ ]&#8221;; the Court noted that this was in contrast to the case in &#8220;<em>Galbraith v. Tapco Credit Union<\/em>, 88 Wash.App. 939, 946 P.2d 1242 (1997), <em>review denied<\/em>, 135 Wash.2d 1006, 959 P.2d 125 (1998) (liability under RCW <a href=\"https:\/\/app.leg.wa.gov\/RCW\/default.aspx?cite=49.60.210\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">49.60.210<\/a> extends to credit unions who discriminate against credit union members engaged in protected activities).<\/p>\n<p><em>Malo<\/em>, 92 Wn.App. at 930 (emphasis, paragraphs, and hyperlink added).<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_310\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-310\" style=\"width: 150px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-310 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/gwilliamslaw.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/CONCLUSION.png?resize=150%2C150&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Conclusion of the issue\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-310\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><center><b>-CONCLUSION-<\/b><\/center><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><strong>[1-6]\u00a0 RCW 49.60.210 DOES NOT CREATE PERSONAL AND INDIVIDUAL LIABILITY FOR COWORKERS (AFFIRMED): <\/strong>The Court concluded that &#8220;[b]ecause RCW <a href=\"https:\/\/app.leg.wa.gov\/RCW\/default.aspx?cite=49.60.210\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">49.60.210<\/a> does not create personal and individual liability for co-workers, the trial court did not err in dismissing Malo&#8217;s claim against Campbell under that statute.&#8221; <em>Malo<\/em>, 92 Wn.App. at 930-31 (hyperlink added).<\/p>\n<p>Accordingly, the Court affirmed the trial court&#8217;s ruling and held that &#8220;Campbell was not subject to suit under RCW <a href=\"https:\/\/app.leg.wa.gov\/RCW\/default.aspx?cite=49.60.210\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">49.60.210<\/a>(1) because he was Malo&#8217;s co-worker.&#8221; <em>Malo<\/em>, 92 Wn.App. at 928.<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<hr \/>\n<hr \/>\n<\/blockquote>\n<h2><span style=\"color: #333399;\"><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">NOTABLES &amp; IMPLICATIONS<\/span>:<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><em><strong>PRINCIPLES OF STATUTORY CONSTRUCTION<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>(1)<\/strong>\u00a0 CONTEXT: &#8220;Provisions in a statute are to be read in the context of the statute as a whole.&#8221; <em>Id.<\/em> at 930 (<em>citing Pope v. University of Washington<\/em>, 121 Wash.2d 479, 489, 852 P.2d 1055 (1993)).<\/p>\n<p><strong>(2)<\/strong>\u00a0 EJUSDEM GENERIS RULE: &#8220;The ejusdem generis rule requires that general terms appearing in a statute in connection with specific terms are to be given meaning and effect only to the extent that the general terms suggest items similar to those designated by the specific terms.&#8221; <em>Id.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>(3)<\/strong>\u00a0 GENERAL TERMS: &#8220;A general term used at the end of a sequence in a statute is restricted in its application by the preceding words.&#8221; <em>Id.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><strong>THE WLAD ANTI-RETALIATION PROVISIONS: RCW 49.60.210<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>(4)<\/strong>\u00a0 CO-WORKER LIABILITY: RCW <a href=\"https:\/\/app.leg.wa.gov\/RCW\/default.aspx?cite=49.60.210\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">49.60.210<\/a> does not create personal and individual liability for co-workers. <em>See id.<\/em> at 931.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h5>LEARN MORE<\/h5>\n<p>If you would like to learn more, consider contacting an <a href=\"https:\/\/gwilliamslaw.com\/attorney-gregory-williams\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">experienced employment discrimination attorney<\/a> to discuss your case.\u00a0This article is not offered as legal advice and will not establish an attorney-client relationship with Washington Employment Law Digest or the <a href=\"https:\/\/gwilliamslaw.com\/attorney-gregory-williams\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">author of this article<\/a>. By reading this article, you agree to our <a href=\"https:\/\/gwilliamslaw.com\/wa-employment-law-digest\/disclaimer\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Disclaimer \/ Terms-of-Use \/ Privacy Policy<\/em><\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>This is a case summary of Malo v. Alaska Trawl Fisheries, Inc., 92 Wn.App. 927 (Div. 1, 1998). Primary subjects include, but are not limited to the following: \u00bb\u00a0\u00a0UNLAWFUL RETALIATION \u00bb\u00a0 CO-WORKER LIABILITY\u00a0 \u00bb\u00a0 PRINCIPLES OF STATUTORY CONSTRUCTION IMPORTANT: This article is for informational purposes only and is based upon my point of view. This &hellip; <\/p>\n<p class=\"link-more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/gwilliamslaw.com\/wa-employment-law-digest\/malo-v-alaska-trawl-fisheries\/\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &#8220;Malo v. Alaska Trawl Fisheries, Inc., 92 Wn.App. 927 (Div. 1 1998)&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[44,101,1,4,43,60],"tags":[100],"class_list":["post-359","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-division-1","category-general-whistleblower","category-uncategorized","category-unlawful-retaliation","category-washington-courts","category-washington-law-against-discrimination","tag-co-worker-liability"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Malo v. Alaska Trawl Fisheries, Inc., 92 Wn.App. 927 (Div. 1 1998) - Washington Employment Law Digest<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"A case summary of Malo v. Alaska Trawl Fisheries. 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